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BC-0001Critical1933

Chicago Backflow Incident of 1933

Two hotels housing World's Fair visitors had cross connections that contaminated the drinking water supply with amoebic dysentery. Because of the disease's long incubation period, symptoms appeared only after visitors returned home. Local officials suppressed information to avoid harming fair attendance. The outbreak resulted in nearly 100 deaths and more than 1,700 confirmed cases.

§ What happened

Cross connections at two hotels allowed sewage to enter the potable water system.

Visitors became infected with amoebic dysentery but did not show symptoms until after leaving Chicago.

City officials attempted to suppress reports of illness while the World's Fair continued.

Nearly 100 deaths and over 1,700 illnesses across 206 cities were eventually traced to the hotels.

Why it matters

The incident remains one of the earliest well-documented examples of illness and death caused by cross connections in a public water supply.

◇ Prevention lesson

Proper cross-connection control and functioning backflow preventers are essential to protect potable water from contamination.